Making Open Science a Reality
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (excerpts)
Open science commonly refers to efforts to make the output of publicly funded research more widely accessible in digital format to the scientific community, the business sector, or society more generally. Open science is the encounter between the age-old tradition of openness in science and the tools of information and communications technologies (ICTs) that have reshaped the scientific enterprise and require a critical look from policy makers seeking to promote long-term research as well as innovation.
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In recent years, open science has become an active area of policy development, both within the OECD area and beyond. Although recognising that open science is a broad concept that encompasses more than open access to research data and publications that takes place at all stages of research(see Glossary), this report aims to provide an analytical overview of recent open science policy trends, by focusing in particular on those initiatives to promote broad access to publiclyfunded research results, including both scientific publications and research data.
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CHAPTER ONE THE RATIONALES AND THE IMPACTS OF OPEN SCIENCE: AN OVERVIEW
CHAPTER TWO OPEN ACCESS TO SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS
CHAPTER THREE OPEN RESEARCH DATA
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Defining open data
As with open access, there have been various attempts to elaborate definitions of open data. An interesting common theme of all these approaches is that they all stress that strong reuse rights are important for data to be open. In a nutshell, open data are data that can be used by anyone without technical or legal restrictions. The use encompasses both access and reuse. Whether such openness exists from the legal perspective depends on the applicability of possible legal restrictions (or otherwise, whether the restrictions are removed by a free licence).
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CHAPTER FOUR THE GOVERNANCE OF OPEN SCIENCE: ACTORS, TRENDS AND POLICIES
The country notes present up-to-date information on the key actors in open science, and review recent policy trends in the areas of open access, research data, infrastructure, and skills at the national and international levels. These notes thus constitute a mapping of recent policy efforts to promote open science in OECD member and selected non-member countries. The information was gathered using a common template in the course of 2014, and is current as of Summer 2015.
France – Open science country note
